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<blockquote data-quote="Fırat" data-source="post: 2117" data-attributes="member: 34"><p>The subjunctive is a special, relatively rare verb form in English.</p><p></p><p><span style="color: seagreen"><span style="font-size: 12px"><strong>Structure of the Subjunctive</strong></span></span></p><p></p><p>The structure of the subjunctive is extremely simple. For all verbs except the past tense of be, the subjunctive is the same as the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to"):</p><p></p><p><img src="http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p><span style="color: red">NOTE:</span></p><p></p><p><img src="http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive%202.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p><span style="color: seagreen"><span style="font-size: 12px"><strong>Use of the Subjunctive</strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><strong>We use subjunctives mainly when talking about events that are not certain to happen.</strong></p><p></p><p> <span style="color: red">For example</span>, we use the subjunctive when talking about events that somebody:</p><p></p><p> * wants to happen</p><p> * hopes will happen</p><p> * imagines happening</p><p></p><p><span style="color: red">Look at these examples:</span></p><p></p><p> * The President requests that you be present at the meeting.</p><p> * It is vital that you be present at the meeting.</p><p> * If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.</p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: seagreen">The subjunctive is typically used after two structures:</span></strong></p><p></p><p> * <strong>the verbs:</strong> ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that</p><p> * <strong>the expressions:</strong> it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that</p><p></p><p><span style="color: red">Here are some examples</span> with the subjunctive:</p><p></p><p> * The manager insists that the car park be locked at night.</p><p> * The board of directors recommended that he join the company.</p><p> * It is essential that we vote as soon as possible.</p><p> * It was necessary that every student submit his essay by the weekend.</p><p></p><p><strong>Notice that in these structures the subjunctive is always the same. It does not matter whether the sentence is past or present. </strong></p><p></p><p><span style="color: red">Look at these examples:</span></p><p></p><p> * <strong>Present</strong>: The President requests that they stop the occupation.</p><p> * <strong>Past</strong>: The President requested that they stop the occupation.</p><p></p><p> * <strong>Present</strong>: It is essential that she be present.</p><p> * <strong>Past</strong>: It was essential that she be present.</p><p></p><p><img src="http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive%203.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p><strong>We usually use the subjunctive were instead of "was" after if (and other words with similar meaning). </strong></p><p></p><p><span style="color: red">Look at these sentences:</span></p><p></p><p> * If I were you, I would ask her.</p><p> * Suppose she were here. What would you say?</p><p></p><p><span style="color: seagreen"><span style="font-size: 12px"><strong>Why do we say "I were", "he were"?</strong></span></span></p><p></p><p>We sometimes hear things like "if <strong>I were</strong> you, I would go" or "if <strong>he were</strong> here, he would tell you". Normally, the past tense of the verb "to be" is: I was, he was. But the if I were you structure does not use the past simple tense of the verb "to be". It uses the <strong>past subjunctive</strong> of the verb "to be". In the following examples, you can see that we often use the subjunctive form <strong>were </strong>instead of "was" after:</p><p><span style="color: deepskyblue"><strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: deepskyblue"><strong> * if</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: deepskyblue"><strong> * as if</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: deepskyblue"><strong> * wish</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: deepskyblue"><strong> * suppose</strong></span></p><p></p><p><img src="http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive%204.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p><span style="color: seagreen"><strong>Some fixed expressions use the subjunctive.</strong></span> </p><p></p><p><span style="color: red">Here are some examples:</span></p><p></p><p> * <strong>Long <em>live</em> the King!</strong></p><p> * <strong>God <em>bless </em>America!</strong></p><p> * <strong>Heaven <em>forbid</em>!</strong></p><p> * <strong><em>Be </em>that as it may, he still wants to see her.</strong></p><p> * <strong><em>Come </em>what may</strong>, I will never forget you.</p><p> * We are all citizens of the world, <strong>as it were.</strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Fırat, post: 2117, member: 34"] The subjunctive is a special, relatively rare verb form in English. [COLOR="seagreen"][SIZE="3"][B]Structure of the Subjunctive[/B][/SIZE][/COLOR] The structure of the subjunctive is extremely simple. For all verbs except the past tense of be, the subjunctive is the same as the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to"): [IMG]http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive.gif[/IMG] [COLOR="red"]NOTE:[/COLOR] [IMG]http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive%202.gif[/IMG] [COLOR="seagreen"][SIZE="3"][B]Use of the Subjunctive[/B][/SIZE][/COLOR] [B]We use subjunctives mainly when talking about events that are not certain to happen.[/B] [COLOR="red"]For example[/COLOR], we use the subjunctive when talking about events that somebody: * wants to happen * hopes will happen * imagines happening [COLOR="red"]Look at these examples:[/COLOR] * The President requests that you be present at the meeting. * It is vital that you be present at the meeting. * If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy. [B][COLOR="seagreen"]The subjunctive is typically used after two structures:[/COLOR][/B] * [B]the verbs:[/B] ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that * [B]the expressions:[/B] it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that [COLOR="red"]Here are some examples[/COLOR] with the subjunctive: * The manager insists that the car park be locked at night. * The board of directors recommended that he join the company. * It is essential that we vote as soon as possible. * It was necessary that every student submit his essay by the weekend. [B]Notice that in these structures the subjunctive is always the same. It does not matter whether the sentence is past or present. [/B] [COLOR="red"]Look at these examples:[/COLOR] * [B]Present[/B]: The President requests that they stop the occupation. * [B]Past[/B]: The President requested that they stop the occupation. * [B]Present[/B]: It is essential that she be present. * [B]Past[/B]: It was essential that she be present. [IMG]http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive%203.gif[/IMG] [B]We usually use the subjunctive were instead of "was" after if (and other words with similar meaning). [/B] [COLOR="red"]Look at these sentences:[/COLOR] * If I were you, I would ask her. * Suppose she were here. What would you say? [COLOR="seagreen"][SIZE="3"][B]Why do we say "I were", "he were"?[/B][/SIZE][/COLOR] We sometimes hear things like "if [B]I were[/B] you, I would go" or "if [B]he were[/B] here, he would tell you". Normally, the past tense of the verb "to be" is: I was, he was. But the if I were you structure does not use the past simple tense of the verb "to be". It uses the [B]past subjunctive[/B] of the verb "to be". In the following examples, you can see that we often use the subjunctive form [B]were [/B]instead of "was" after: [COLOR="deepskyblue"][B] * if * as if * wish * suppose[/B][/COLOR] [IMG]http://forum.akademikpersonel.org/firat/Grammer/Subjunctive/Subjunctive%204.gif[/IMG] [COLOR="seagreen"][B]Some fixed expressions use the subjunctive.[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="red"]Here are some examples:[/COLOR] * [B]Long [I]live[/I] the King![/B] * [B]God [I]bless [/I]America![/B] * [B]Heaven [I]forbid[/I]![/B] * [B][I]Be [/I]that as it may, he still wants to see her.[/B] * [B][I]Come [/I]what may[/B], I will never forget you. * We are all citizens of the world, [B]as it were.[/B] [/QUOTE]
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